期刊
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
卷 213, 期 1, 页码 1-11出版社
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2003.10.033
关键词
thyroid hormone; thyroid hormone receptor; non-genomic action; mitochondria
资金
- Medical Research Council [G108/502] Funding Source: Medline
- MRC [G108/502] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G108/502] Funding Source: researchfish
Triiodothyronine (T3) classically regulates gene expression by binding to high-affinity thyroid hormone receptors (TR) that recognize specific response elements in the promoters of T3-target genes and activate or repress transcription in response to hormone. However, a number of thyroid hormone effects occur rapidly and are unaffected by inhibitors of transcription and translation, suggesting that thyroid hormones may also mediate non-genomic actions. Such actions have been described in many tissues and cell types, including brown adipose tissue, the heart and pituitary. The site of non-genomic hormone action has been localized to the plasma membrane, cytoplasm and cellular organelles. These non-genomic actions include the regulation of ion channels, oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial gene transcription and involve the generation of intracellular secondary messengers and induction of [Ca2+](l), Cyclic AMP or protein kinase signalling cascades. These observations have been interpreted to imply the presence of a specific, membrane associated, TR isoform or an unrelated high affinity membrane receptor for thyroid hormone. The recent identification of a progestin membrane receptor and the sub cellular targeted nuclear receptor isoforms ER46, mtRXR, mtPPAR, p28 and p46, has highlighted the potential importance of non-genomic actions of steroid hormones. Here we compare these recently identified receptors with the genomic, non-genomic and mitochondrial actions of thyroid hormones and consider their implications. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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