Background gradient suppression in stimulated echo NMR diffusion studies using magic pulsed field gradient ratios

By evaluating the spin echo attenuation for a generalized 13-interval PFG NMR sequence consisting of pulsed field gradients with four different effective intensities (F-p/r and G(p/r)), magic pulsed field gradient (MPFG) ratios for the prepare (G(p)/F-p) and the read (G(r)/F-r) interval are derived, which suppress the cross term between background field gradients and the pulsed field gradients even in the cases where the background field gradients may change during the z-store interval of the pulse sequence. These MPFG ratios depend only on the timing of the pulsed gradients in the pulse sequence and allow a convenient experimental approach to background gradient suppression in NMR diffusion studies with heterogeneous systems, where the local properties of the (internal) background gradients are often unknown. If the pulsed field gradients are centered in the tau-intervals between the pi and pi/2 rf pulses, these two MPFG ratios coincide to eta = G(p/r)/F-p/r = 1 - 8/[1 + (1/3)(delta/tau)(2)]. Since the width of the pulsed field gradients (delta) is bounded by 0 less than or equal to 6 less than or equal to tau, eta can only be in the range of 5 less than or equal to - eta less than or equal to 7. The predicted suppression of the unwanted cross terms is demonstrated experimentally using time-dependent external gradients which are controlled in the NMR experiment as well as spatially dependent internal background gradients generated by the magnetic properties of the sample itself. The theoretical and experimental results confirm and extend the approach of Sun et al. (J. Magn. Reson. 161 (2003) 168), who recently introduced a 13-interval type PFG NMR sequence with two asymmetric pulsed magnetic field gradients suitable to suppress unwanted cross terms with spatially dependent background field gradients. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.