期刊
PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
卷 447, 期 5, 页码 666-676出版社
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00424-003-1089-9
关键词
carnitine transporter; drug transporters; excretion; organic anions; organic cations; polyspecific transporters; urate transporter
类别
The SLC22 family comprises organic cation transporters (OCTs), zwitterion/cation transporters (OCTNs), and organic anion transporters (OATs). These transporters contain 12 predicted alpha-helical transmembrane domains (TMDs) and one large extracellular loop between TMDs 1 and 2. Transporters of the SLC22 family function in different ways: (1) as uniporters that mediate facilitated diffusion in either direction (OCTs), (2) as anion exchangers (OAT1, OAT3 and URAT1), and (3) as Na+/L-carnitine cotransporter (OCTN2). They participate in the absorption and/or excretion of drugs, xenobiotics, and endogenous compounds in intestine, liver and/or kidney, and perform homeostatic functions in brain and heart. The endogenous substrates include monoamine neurotransmitters, choline, L-carnitine, alpha-ketoglutarate, cAMP, cGMP, prostaglandins, and urate. Defect mutations of transporters of the SLC22 family may cause specific diseases such as 'primary systemic carnitine deficiency' or 'idiopathic renal hypouricemia' or change drug absorption or excretion.
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