Modulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPAR γ) by Conjugated Fatty Acid in Obesity and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Conjugated fatty acids including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) have drawn significant attention for their variety of biologically beneficial effects. Evidence suggested that CLA and CLNA could play physiological roles by regulating the expression and activity of PPAR gamma. This review summarizes the current understanding of evidence of the role of CLA (cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-10,cis-12 CLA) and CLNA (punicic acid and alpha-eleostearic acid) in modulating the expression or activity of PPAR gamma that could in turn be employed as complementary treatment for obesity and inflammatory bowel disease.