Role of an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 in cisplatin-induced renal cell apoptosis

It has been demonstrated recently that rabbit renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC) express a novel Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)) whose activity localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER-iPLA(2)) and is similar to group VIB PLA(2). In this study, the expression of group VIB PLA2 was examined and the role of ER-iPLA(2) in cisplatin-induced apoptosis was determined. Cisplatin induced both time- and concentration-dependent RPTC apoptosis as determined by p53 nuclear localization, annexin V staining, caspase 3 activity, and chromatin condensation. Inhibition of ER-iPLA(2) with bromoenol lactone (5 muM) reduced cisplatin-induced annexin V binding 40%, chromatin condensation 55%, and caspase 3 activity 42%, but had no effect on p53 nuclear localization. Treatment of RPTC with the protein kinase C stimulator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate increased the activity of ER-iPLA(2) 2-fold and increased cisplatin-induced RPTC apoptosis. These studies demonstrate that group VIB PLA(2) is expressed in RPTC and suggest that RPTC ER-iPLA(2) is the rabbit homolog of group VIB PLA(2). These data also demonstrate that ER-iPLA(2) acts downstream of p53 and upstream of caspase 3 to mediate cisplatin-induced RPTC apoptosis. Finally, ER-iPLA(2) seems to be regulated by protein kinase C.