Migration of Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells in response to CXCR3 and CXCR4 ligands in healthy donors and HIV-1-infected patients:: competition by HIV-1 Tat

We show that HIV-1-infected patients have increased concentrations of circulating Vdelta1 T cells (2.2%-9.0% of T lymphocytes; healthy donors, 1.0%-2%) and, in some instances, Vdelta2 T cells (3.5%-4.8% vs 2.0%-3.3%). In these patients, both Vdelta1 and Vdelta2 T cells are CXCR3(+)CXCR4(+), whereas in healthy donors CXCR4 was preferentially expressed on Vdelta1 T lymphocytes. gammadelta T cells transmigrated across endothelial monolayers, in response to interferon-gamma-inducing protein-10 (IP-10/CXCL10), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12), or both, according to the expression of the specific receptors CXCR3 and CXCR4. Interestingly, 6Ckine/SLC/CCL21 was more effective than IP-10/CXCL10 on Vdelta1 CXCR3(+) cells, whereas Vdelta2 CXCR3+ cells were driven more efficiently by IP-10/CXCL10. IP-10/CXCL10- and SDF-1/CXCL12-induced transmigration was dependent on phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI-3K), as demonstrated by the use of the specific blockers wortmannin and LY294002 and by the activation of the downstream serine kinase Akt/PKB on ligation of CXCR3 and CXCR4. Occupancy of CXCR3, but not of CXCR4, led to CAMKII activation; accordingly, the CAMKII inhibitors KN62 and KN93 decreased IP-10/CXCL10- but not SDF-1/CXCL12-driven transmigration. Finally, HIV-1 Tat, which is present in the serum of HIV-1-infected patients, interferes with the chemotactic activity of these chemokines because of the cysteine-rich domain of the protein, which contains CXC and CC chemokine-like sequences. (C) 2004 by The American Society of Hematology.