期刊
AMINO ACIDS
卷 48, 期 1, 页码 41-51出版社
SPRINGER WIEN
DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2067-1
关键词
Leucine; alpha-Ketoisocaproate; beta-Hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate; Protein metabolism; Energy homeostasis; Pigs
资金
- National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB127305, 2012CB124704]
- National Nature Science Foundation of China [31110103909, 31330075]
- Chinese Academy of Science STS Project [KFJ-EW-STS-063]
- Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program [2013BAD21B04]
- Hubei Hundred Talent program
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research [H-8200]
Leucine (Leu) is a nutritionally essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) in animal nutrition. It is usually one of the most abundant amino acids in high-quality protein foods. Leu increases protein synthesis through activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and placental cells. Leu promotes energy metabolism (glucose uptake, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fatty acid oxidation) to provide energy for protein synthesis, while inhibiting protein degradation. Approximately 80 % of Leu is normally used for protein synthesis, while the remainder is converted to alpha-ketoisocaproate (alpha-KIC) and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) in skeletal muscle. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that some of the functions of Leu are modulated by its metabolites. Both alpha-KIC and HMB have recently received considerable attention as nutritional supplements used to increase protein synthesis, inhibit protein degradation, and regulate energy homeostasis in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models. Leu and its metabolites hold great promise to enhance the growth and health of animals (including humans, birds and fish).
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