Subfreezing growth of the sea ice bacterium Psychromonas ingrahamii

yPsychromonas ingrahamii, named for John L. Ingraham, was isolated from sea ice from off Point Barrow, Alaska. This large rod-shaped bacterium belongs to the gamma-Proteobacteria. P. ingrahamii is a psychrophilic, heterotrophic bacterium that is gas vacuolate and nonmotile. P. ingrahamii is notable in that it grows at a temperature of -12degreesC with a generation time of 240 h. This is the lowest growth temperature of any organism authenticated by a growth curve.