A novel flow battery: A lead acid battery based on an electrolyte with soluble lead(II) - Part II. Flow cell studies

The design and performance of a small redox flow battery is described; it is based on a single undivided, parallel plate cell with carbon electrodes and an acidic lead methanesulfonate electrolyte. It is shown that the cell operates as a secondary battery at charge/discharge current densities of 10-60 mA cm(-2). Typically, the voltage during discharge is similar to1.55 V, Coulombic efficiency > 85% and the energy efficiency similar to65%.