期刊
TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
卷 25, 期 5, 页码 273-279出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2004.03.011
关键词
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资金
- NIDA NIH HHS [F31 DA 14161, F31 DA 11717, K05 DA15267, T32 DA 07097, R01 DA 03240, F31 DA 005575] Funding Source: Medline
Evidence is accumulating that the etiology, epidemiology, consequences and mechanisms that underlie drug abuse are different in males and females. In this review, we present examples of sex differences in all phases of drug abuse, including acquisition, steady-state maintenance, escalation, dysregulation, withdrawal, relapse and treatment. Most reported findings are based on laboratory research in animals, but there are corroborating reports from human clinical and epidemiological studies. In all phases of drug abuse, females seem to be more sensitive to the rewarding effects of drugs than males, and estrogen is a major factor that underlies these sex differences.
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