RAS and RHO GTPases in G1-phase cell-cycle regulation

As RAS mutations are among the most frequent alterations in human cancers, RAS proteins and their signalling pathways have been studied intensively. Here, we outline the contributions of H-RAS, N-RAS and K-RAS to cell-cycle progression and cell growth. We also summarize recent results that indicate how other members of the RAS-GTPase subfamily - including E-RAS, RHEB, R-RAS, TC21 and RAL, as well as RHO GTPases - promote proliferation by regulating the transcription, translation and degradation of key cell-cycle components.