Impact of toroidal rotation on ELM behaviour in the H-mode on JT-60U

The mitigation of the large pulsed heat loads induced by edge-localized modes (ELMs) on the divertor plates is one of the most important issues for a tokamak fusion reactor. However, ELMs have been completely suppressed in the quiescent H-mode (QH-mode) plasmas produced in the DIII-D tokamak (see Burrell K H et al 2002 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 44 A253). One of the key conditions for producing QH-mode plasmas is that the direction of neutral beam injection (NBI) should be opposite to that of the plasma current (i.e. ctr-NBI), which then leads to the toroidal rotation velocity being in the counter direction to the plasma current. By using various combinations of NBI lines in JT-60U, it has been possible to investigate the impact of the toroidal rotation velocity on ELM behaviour by changing the toroidal momentum input in a detailed manner for similar absorbed NB heating power. It has been determined that the ELM frequency decreases with increased counter toroidal rotation velocity at the plasma edge even to the point of the ELMs disappearing. In addition, the magnitude of the pulsed D-alpha signal at the divertor (D-alpha(div)) decreases with decreasing ELM frequency. These results indicate that it is possible to control the ELM behaviour through the toroidal momentum input.