CARMA1, BCL-10 and MALT1 in lymphocyte development and activation

CARMA1, BCL-10 and MALT1 are signalling proteins that have a key role in antigen-receptor-mediated lymphocyte activation through the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. Recent genetic studies have revealed additional, previously unexpected roles for these proteins in the development of B and T cells, and in the CD40- and lipopolysaccharide-dependent activation of B cells. Here, I discuss recent advances in the understanding of the molecular and biological functions of these proteins.