期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
卷 286, 期 5, 页码 C1009-C1018出版社
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00480.2003
关键词
programmed cell death; growth arrest; ornithine decarboxylase; I kappa B; caspase-3; alpha-difluoromethylornithine; intestinal epithelium
资金
- NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-57819, DK-61972] Funding Source: Medline
Apoptosis plays a crucial role in maintenance of intestinal epithelial integrity and is highly regulated by numerous factors, including cellular polyamines. We recently showed that polyamines regulate nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activity in normal intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells and that polyamine depletion activates NF-kappaB and promotes resistance to apoptosis. The current study went further to determine whether the inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins, c-IAP2 and XIAP, are downstream targets of activated NF-kappaB and play a role in antiapoptotic activity of polyamine depletion in IEC-6 cells. Depletion of cellular polyamines by alpha-difluoromethylornithine not only activated NF-kappaB activity but also increased expression of c-IAP2 and XIAP. Specific inhibition of NF-kappaB by the recombinant adenoviral vector containing IkappaBalpha superrepressor (AdIkappaBSR) prevented the induction of c-IAP2 and XIAP in polyamine-deficient cells. Decreased levels of c-IAP2 and XIAP proteins by inactivation of NF-kappaB through AdIkappaBSR infection or treatment with the specific inhibitor Smac also overcame the resistance of polyamine-depleted cells to apoptosis induced by the combination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and cycloheximide (CHX). Although polyamine depletion did not alter levels of procaspase-3 protein, it inhibited formation of the active caspase-3. Decreased levels of c-IAP2 and XIAP by Smac prevented the inhibitory effect of polyamine depletion on the cleavage of procaspase-3 to the active caspase-3. These results indicate that polyamine depletion increases expression of c-IAP2 and XIAP by activating NF-kappaB in intestinal epithelial cells. Increased c-IAP2 and XIAP after polyamine depletion induce the resistance to TNF-alpha/CHX-induced apoptosis, at least partially, through inhibition of the caspase-3 activity.
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