Pigments in green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) suppress transformation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor induced by dioxin

Environmental contaminants such as dioxins enter the body mainly through diet and cause various toxicities through transformation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We previously reported that certain natural flavonoids at the dietary level suppress the AhR transformation induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). In this study, we identified lutein and chlorophyll a and b from green tea leaves as the novel antagonists for AhR. These active compounds suppressed AhR transformation dose-dependently with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values against 0.1 nM TCDD-induced AhR transformation at 3.2, 5.0, and 5.9 muM, respectively. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate, which is the most abundant flavonoid in green tea leaves, also showed stronger suppressive effects than did other major tea components, with the IC50 value of 1.7 muM. Thus, these pigments of green tea leaves have the potential to protect from dioxin toxicity through the suppression of AhR transformation.