期刊
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
卷 269, 期 2, 页码 331-345出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.01.035
关键词
Achaete-scute; atonal; basic helix-loop-helix; Cnidaria; evolution; muscle; nerve; neuropeptide; Podocoryne carnea; transdifferentiation
The close functional link of nerve and muscle cells in neuromuscular units has led to the hypothesis of a common evolutionary origin of both cell types. Jellyfish are well suited to evaluate this theory since they represent the most basal extant organisms featuring both striated muscle and a nervous system. Here we describe the structure and expression of two novel genes for basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, the Achaete-scute B family member Ash2 and the Atonal-like gene Atl1, in the hydrozoan jellyfish Podocoryne carnea. Ash2 is expressed exclusively in larval and adult endoderm cells and may be involved in differentiation of secretory cells. Atl1 expression is more widespread and includes the developing striated muscle as well as mechanosensory and nerve cell precursors in the medusa tentacles. Moreover, Atl1 expression is upregulated in proliferating nerve cell precursors arising from adult striated muscle cells by transdifferentiation in vitro. Likewise, the neuronal marker gene NP coding for the RFamide neuropeptide is expressed not only in mature nerve cells but also transiently in the developing muscle. The molecular evidence is concurrent to the hypothesis that muscle and nerve cells are closely linked in evolution and derive from a common myoepithelial precursor. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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