Natural zooplankton as larval feed in intensive rearing systems for juvenile production of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

The growth potential of cod larvae is not fully achieved when rotifers (Brachionus spp.) are used as live feed. In this experiment, we studied the effect of natural zooplankton (mainly copepods) on the growth of cod (Gadus morhua L.) larvae reared in intensive systems. Using a growth model developed for cod larvae, the growth rates observed could be evaluated and compared with growth rates reported previously. The cod larvae showed optimal growth rates until age 19 days post hatch (DPH) when they reached 9.77 +/- 0.25 mm standard length (SL). Early weaning (20-25 DPH) resulted in significantly longer larvae at age 30 DPH compared with late weaning (25-32 DPH); however, in this period, the zooplankton concentrations were low. The experimental larvae showed considerably higher growth rates compared with rotifer (Brachionus spp.)-reared cod larvae in previous experiments. The nutritional composition of cod larvae was analysed and compared with published results on rotifer-reared larvae. The levels of iodine, manganese, selenium and n-3 PUFA were considerably higher in larvae fed copepods compared with larvae fed rotifers. The differences in nutritional status may well explain the differences in growth observed between copepod and rotifer-reared larvae.