Microbial community diversity associated with the intestinal mucosa of farmed rainbow trout (Oncoryhnchus mykiss Walbaum)

Bacterial communities from the intestinal tract of rainbow trout were investigated to assess transient and resident microbial communities using both culture-based and culture-independent techniques. Viable counts attached to the intestinal mucosa were in the range of log 4.77-5.38 and log 6.67-6.79 CFU g(-1) in the intestinal contents. Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae constituted nearly 80% of the allochthonous population but < 60% of the autochthonous populations. This coincided with an elevated mucosal level of a group of Gram-positive rods from similar to 2% in the digesta to 25-35% on the mucosa. This group was identified by 16S rRNA as Arthrobacter aurescens and Janibacter spp. HTCC2649. Analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis banding patterns showed complex communities in all intestinal regions. Similarity coefficients showed that mucosal communities were similar to 70% similar to digesta communities and yet due to the presence of bands found uniquely either in the digesta or on the mucosa, the communities are distinctly different. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed mucosal bacterial populations and highlighted a possible localized colonization between mucosal folds. The study highlights the complexity of resident microbial communities that have not been fully explored in previous rainbow trout studies; this is especially true with probiotic/prebiotic investigations.