Dynamics of insertion sequence elements during experimental evolution of bacteria

We review the intersection between two areas of microbial evolution that were research foci of Michel Blot. One focus is the behavior of insertion sequence (IS) elements, including their role in promoting the evolutionary adaptation of their hosts. The other focus is experimental evolution, an approach that allows the dynamics of genomic and phenotypic change to be observed in the laboratory. This review shows that IS elements are useful as markers for detecting genomic change over experimental time scales and, moreover, that IS elements generate some of the beneficial mutations that increase organismal fitness. (C) 2004 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved: