期刊
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
卷 43, 期 6, 页码 744-751出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1097/01.chi/0000122798.47863.a5
关键词
twins; sleep; behavioral/emotional problems
Objective: To examine the etiologies of covariation of childhood sleep problems and other behavioral/emotional problems in young children. Method: The parents of more than 6,000 twin pairs provided information on their twins' anxiety, conduct, and hyperactivity at ages 3, 4, and 7 by completing the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Information on sleep problems was obtained at age 3/4. Results: Phenotypic correlations in preschool years between sleep problems and anxiety, conduct, and hyperactivity ranged from 0.17 to 0.22. These correlations were largely due to shared environmental factors (0.72-0.96) and less to heredity (0.05-0.26) and nonshared environment (0.00-0.06). Sleep problems at age 3/4 years predicted at age 7 years anxiety (beta = .12, p < .001), conduct problems (beta = .09, p < .001), and hyperactivity (beta = .07, p < .001), after accounting for stability of these problems. These predictive associations were also mainly mediated by shared environment (0.16-0.91), although genetic (0.02-0.84) and nonshared environmental (-0.03-0.09) factors were also influential. Conclusions: The modest associations between early sleep problems and later behavioral/emotional problems are largely accounted for by common psychosocial risk factors. Further research on which specific risks may mediate these connections is needed.
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