Medium-chain triglycerides enhance secretory IgA expression in rat intestine after administration of endotoxin

The purpose of this study was to determine whether medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) modulate the inflammatory immune response to LPS and enhance the expression of secretory IgA in the rat intestine. Rats were given either corn oil or MCTs by gavage daily for 1 wk, and LPS or saline vehicle was administered via the tail vein. They were then killed, and serum and sections from the gut were collected for further analysis. Western blot analysis for secretory IgA revealed that MCTs significantly enhanced its expression in the ileum compared with corn oil in rats administered saline. After LPS challenge, expression of secretory IgA was decreased in the corn oil group but not in the MCTs group. The mRNA expression of IL-6 was assessed by real-time RT-PCR, because IL-6 regulates secretory IgA in the intestine. The expression was significantly greater in the MCTs group than in the corn oil group after LPS injection. Increases in expression of proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-18, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the ileum were significantly blunted by MCTs. In addition, the mRNA expression of the Th2 IgA-stimulating cytokine IL-10 in the ileum and Peyer's patches was significantly greater in the MCTs than the corn oil group. In contrast, the mRNA expression of the Th1 IgA-inhibiting cytokine interferon-gamma was blunted by MCTs. As a result, intestinal injury was significantly reduced. Therefore, MCTs protect the gut by modulating the immune response to LPS and enhancing secretory IgA expression.