Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase ζ as a therapeutic target for glioblastoma therapy

Astrocytomas are the most frequent brain tumour type in adults. The most common astrocytoma is the glioblastoma (GBM), which is also the most malignant and refractory to treatment - ultimately leading to the patient's death within a year of diagnosis. Neither the classical nor more experimental therapeutic approaches have significantly improved the clinical outcome of this disease. Expression profile analysis of primary tumours has provided recent insight into the identification of new GBM therapeutic targets. These proteins serve as excellent candidates to either inhibit the target molecule's functions (e.g., angiogenesis, migration or proliferation) or, coupled with a toxin or radionucleotide, to bind and exterminate the tumour cells. The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta (RPTPzeta) and one of its main ligands, pleiotropin (Ptn), are overexpressed in GBMs, thus making them potentially very good targets for the development of new immunotherapeutics. This review will summarise recent advances in GBM therapies focusing on RPTPzeta as a target for immunotherapeutics.