Performance of a household-level arsenic removal system during 4-month deployments in Bangladesh

A simple arsenic removal system was used in Bangladesh by six households for 4 months to treat well water containing 190-750 mug/L As as well as 0.4-20 mg/L Fe and 0.2-1.9 mg/L P. The system removes As from a 16-L batch of water in a bucket by filtration through a sand bed following the addition of about 1.5 g of ferric sulfate and 0.5 g of calcium hypochlorite. Arsenic concentrations in all but 1 of 72 samples of treated water were below the Bangladesh drinking water standard of 50 mug/L for As. Approximately half of the samples also met the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline of 10 mug/L. At the two wells that did not meet the WHO guideline, observations were confirmed by additional experiments in one case ([P] = 1.9 mg/L) but not in the other, suggesting that the latter household was probably not following the instructions. Observed residual As levels are consistent with predictions from a surface complexation model only if the site density is increased to 2 mol/mol of Fe. With the exception of Mn, the average concentrations of other inorganic constituents of health concern (Cr, Ni, Cu, Se, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba, Hg, Pb, and U) in treated water were below their respective WHO guideline for drinking water.