期刊
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
卷 23, 期 11, 页码 1701-1713出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/sim.1611
关键词
maximally selected test statistics; shrinkage methods; bootstrap resampling; confidence intervals; prognostic or risk factors
When investigating the effects of potential prognostic or risk factors that have been measured on a quantitative scale, values of these factors are often categorized into two groups. Sometimes an 'optimal' cutpoint is chosen that gives the best separation in terms of a two-sample test statistic. It is well known that this approach leads to a serious inflation of the type I error and to an overestimation of the effect of the prognostic or risk factor in absolute terms. In this paper, we illustrate that the resulting confidence intervals are similarly affected. We show that the application of a shrinkage procedure to correct for bias, together with bootstrap resampling for estimating the variance, yields confidence intervals for the effect of a potential prognostic or risk factor with the desired coverage. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
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