Enhanced hole transfer in hole-conductor-free perovskite solar cells via incorporating CuS into carbon electrodes

Hole conductor-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on carbon electrodes have drawn much attention on account of low cost, long-term stability, simple manufacture technology. In the devices, the carbon electrodes not only play as charge transfer channels, but also as hole extracting layers, thus the conductivity and hole mobility are critical for the performance. However, the hole mobility of carbon layers is relatively low. Here, low-temperature carbon layers were incorporated with CuS nanostructures, in which the hole mobility was improved. After adding 1 wt.% CuS, the PSCs yielded to the best power conversion efficiency of 11.28% with a VOC of 0.98 V and J(SC) of 18.26 mA cm(-2), while the pure carbon electrode based PSCs attained the best power conversion efficiency of 9.36% with a V-OC of 0.93 V and J(SC) of 16.14 mA cm(-2) which is slightly higher than that of the PSCs based on pure carbon counter electrode. This study demonstrates that it is an effective way to improve the hole transport property of carbon counter electrode by combining p-type CuS with high hole mobility.