Stabilization of CO2 in a B2 world:: insights on the roles of carbon capture and disposal, hydrogen, and transportation technologies

We examine the potential role of several energy technologies, including carbon capture and dispose (CC and D), hydrogen and advanced transportation systems, on the cost of stabilizing CO2 concentrations. While not currently deployed at scale, CC and D, hydrogen energy systems, and biotechnology have the potential to be major components of the global energy system by the middle of the 21 st century. Other technologies, such as renewables, nuclear power and energy efficiency also play critical roles in addressing climate change. The development of advanced technologies in the absence of limitations on the concentration of carbon dioxide need not lead to CO2 stabilization. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.