期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
卷 33, 期 -, 页码 S289-S298出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00267-003-9138-x
关键词
soil organic matter; nitrate leaching; N-15; tracer N uptake; biomass; NCSWAP simulation; denitrification
Maintaining crop production levels with reductions in terrestrial greenhouse gases requires strategic residue and nitrogen (N) fertilizer management. Our objectives were to: (1) quantify the effect of nitrogen N application rate on N losses; (2) examine the role of residue returned on N transformation and losses; and (3) verify the capability of the NCSWAP/NCSOIL model to simulate the dynamics of N and N-15 in the soil-plant system. Data obtained from a long-term continuous corn study on a silt loam soil, with two N levels (20 and 200 kg N/ha), with two types of residue management (residue harvested, -R; and residue returned, +R) was used to calibrate the model. The model accurately predicted N-15 in the plant and soil organic matter (SOM) at the 0- to 15-cm and 15- to 30-cm depths for both fertilizer rates and residue managements. Concentrations of N-15 in the corn and SOM were higher for the 20 than 200 kg N/ha treatments. Greater dilution of the N-15 with nontracer fertilizer added at the higher fertilizer rate was responsible for differences in N-15 concentrations in the plant. The predicted cumulative N loss during a 30-year simulation indicates more nitrate leaching past the 1-m depth for -R than +R treatments, while higher denitrification rates were predicted for the +R than -R. The simulated cumulative effect of residue returned on denitrification over 30 years predicted increased cumulative N losses from 1320 to 1705 kg N/ha and 1333 to 2574 kg N/ha for the low and high N application rates, respectively. Better synchronization of N release from residue and addition of N fertilizer with plant-N uptake would minimize leaching and denitrification.
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