Electrocatalytic reactions at hydrogenase-modified electrodes and their applications to biosensors:: From the isolated enzymes to the whole cells

Hydrogenases are involved in a series of key reactions which can have great potentiality in a large range of practical applications. In this review, the electrochemical behavior and the kinetic properties of hydrogenases from various sulfate-reducing bacteria as enzymes involved in electron-transfer chains are examined. Different approaches based on the modification of electrodes with either hydrogenases alone or whole cells are described, thus opening new avenues for further applications to biosensor area.