Acanthocephalan (Oligacanthorhynchidae) parasitism of the Caribbean termite Nasutitermes acajutlae:: implications for reproductive success

Few studies have examined the impact of parasitism on free-living social insects. We documented the association between an acanthocephalan parasite and survival, reproduction and growth of a Caribbean termite (Nasutitermes acajutlae). We measured these parameters yearly in >100 termite colonies for 4 years. In 2001 and 2002 we also compared the rate at which parasitized and unparasitized colonies rebuilt damaged foraging trails because trails protect foragers from predation as well as fluctuations in temperature and humidity. Although there were no significant differences in growth or survival between parasitized and unparasitized colonies, parasitized colonies reproduced significantly less often and rebuilt foraging trails significantly more slowly than unparasitized colonies. The average parasitized colony may sustain a loss of alate production greater than or equal to30% in the year in which it is parasitized, and a loss of up to 19% if it is parasitized once in a 5-year period. We conclude that the acanthocephalan parasite is associated with significant alteration of fitness parameters of individual N. acajutlae colonies. However, prevalence of parasitism is low (6.8%) and alate production by non-parasitized colonies is likely to compensate for losses due to parasitism. Therefore, it seems unlikely that this parasite affects N. acajutlae at the population level.