Glucose catabolic gene mRNA levels in skeletal muscle exhibit non-coordinate expression in hyperglycemic mice

To assess the correlation between hyperglycemia and glucose catabolic gene levels in diabetic and healthy mice, we determined mRNA levels of pivotal proteins such as glucose transporters, hexokinase 11, glycogen synthase, glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase and uncoupling proteins. Both KK and KKA(y) mice showed marked decreases of Glut1 and Glut4 mRNA levels in soleus compared to C57BL; db/db and ob/ob mice exhibited significantly decreased Glut4 mRNA levels, but not Glut], in soleus. KK and KKA(y) mice showed a decrease of soleus HKII gene level, which may indicate decreased intracellular catabolism of glucose. Likewise, GS mRNA level was decreased in soleus muscle tissue in KK and KKA(y) mice. GFAT mRNA levels was no different between hyperglycemic and normoglycemic mice. in contrast, UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA levels were higher in KK and KKA(y) mice. Conversely, db/db and ob/ob mice showed a significant decrease in UCP3 mRNA. Individual correlation analysis indicated that the decrease in Glut4 gene levels was only observed in hyperglycemic mice. The more important observation is that the glucose catabolic genes do not exhibit any clear coordinate expression. Abnormal expression of glucose catabolic genes may contribute to hyperglycemia and muscle insulin resistance in these four strains.