期刊
OECOLOGIA
卷 140, 期 3, 页码 407-413出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1607-2
关键词
species richness; temperature; area; latitude; biogeography
类别
Geographical diversity gradients, even among local communities, can ultimately arise from geographical differences in speciation and extinction rates. We evaluated three models-energy-speciation, energy-abundance, and area-that predict how geographic trends in net diversification rates generate trends in diversity. We sampled 96 litter ant communities from four provinces: Australia, Madagascar, North America, and South America. The energy-speciation hypothesis best predicted ant species richness by accurately predicting the slope of the temperature diversity curve, and accounting for most of the variation in diversity. The communities showed a strong latitudinal gradient in species richness as well as inter-province differences in diversity. The former vanished in the temperature-diversity residuals, suggesting that the latitudinal gradient arises primarily from higher diversification rates in the tropics. However, inter-province differences in diversity persisted in those residuals-South American communities remained more diverse than those in North America and Australia even after the effects of temperature were removed.
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