The effect of Pd addition to Fe as catalysts on growth of carbon nanotubes by TCVD method

The effects of Pd addition to Fe (Pd/Fe = 0, 2.5/7.5, 5/5, 7.5/2.5 and 1) and growth temperatures (920 and 970 degrees C) on density, diameter and growth mode of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been studied. SEM observations and TG analyses confirmed that the CNT yields depend on Pd/Fe ratios as (7.5/2.5) > (5/5) > Pd > (2.5/7.5) > Fe at both growth temperatures. TEM data showed that addition of Pd results in tip growth mode. From Raman spectroscopy data, the order of samples' structural quality (I-G/I-D ratio) are Fe > Pd/Fe ( 2.5/7.5) > (5/5) > (7.5/2.5) > Pd and the IG/ID ratios increase by decreasing the growth temperature. Films with higher concentration of Fe (Pd/Fe = 0, 2.5/7.5) contain some single-walled carbon nanotubes. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.