Geothermobarometry of UHP and HP eclogites and schists - an evaluation of equilibria among garnet-clinopyroxene-kyanite-phengite-coesite/quartz

Geothermometry of eclogites and other high pressure (HP)/ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) rocks has been a challenge, due to severe problems related to the reliability of the garnet-clinopyroxene Fe-Mg exchange thermometer to omphacite-bearing assemblages. Likewise, reliable geobarometers for eclogites and related HP/UHP rocks are scarce. In this paper, a set of internally consistent geothermobarometric expressions have been formulated for reactions between the UHP assemblage garnet-clinopyroxene-kyanite-phengite-coesite, and the corresponding HP assemblage garnet-clinopyroxene-kyanite-phengite-quartz. In the system KCMASH, the end members grossular (Grs) and pyrope (Prp) in garnet, diopside (Di) in clinopyroxene, muscovite (Ms) and celadonite (Cel) in phengite together with kyanite and coesite or quartz define invariant points in the coesite and quartz stability field, respectively, depending on which SiO2 polymorph is stable. Thus, a set of net transfer reactions including these end members will uniquely define equilibrium temperatures and pressures for phengite-kyanite-SiO2-bearing eclogites. Application to relevant eclogites from various localities worldwide show good consistency with petrographic evidence. Eclogites containing either coesite or polycrystalline quartz after coesite all plot within the coesite stability field, while typical quartz-bearing eclogites with no evidence of former coesite fall within the quartz stability field. Diamondiferous coesite-kyanite eclogite and grospydite xenoliths in kimberlites all fall into the diamond stability field. The present method also yields consistent values as compared with the garnet-clinopyroxene Fe-Mg geothermometer for these kinds of rocks, but also indicates some unsystematic scatter of the latter thermometer. The net transfer geothermobarometric method presented in this paper is suggested to be less affected by later thermal re-equilibration than common cation exchange thermometers.