期刊
WORLD DEVELOPMENT
卷 32, 期 8, 页码 1419-1439出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.03.004
关键词
environmental Kuznets curve; pollution; economic development; econometrics; review; global
This paper presents a critical history of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). The EKC proposes that indicators of environmental degradation first rise, and then fall with increasing income per capita. Recent evidence shows however, that developing countries are addressing environmental issues, sometimes adopting developed country standards with a short time lag and sometimes performing better than some wealthy countries, and that the EKC results have a very flimsy statistical foundation. A new generation of decomposition and efficient frontier models can help disentangle the true relations between development and the environment and may lead to the demise of the classic EKC. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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