Immunoprevention of mammary carcinoma in HER-2/neu transgenic mice is IFN-γ and B cell dependent

A vaccine combining IL-12 and allogeneic mammary carcinoma cells expressing p185(neu) completely prevents tumor onset in HER-2/neu transgenic BALB/c mice (NeuT mice). The immune protection elicited was independent from CTL activity. We now formally prove that tumor prevention is mainly based on the production of anti-p185(neu) Abs. In the present studies, NeuT mice were crossed with knockout mice lacking IFN-gamma production (IFN-gamma(-/-)) or with B cell-deficient mice (muMT). Vaccination did not protect NeuT-IFN-gamma(-/-) mice, thus confirming a central role of IFN-gamma. The block of Ab production in NeuT-muMT mice was incomplete. About one third of NeuT-muMT mice failed to produce Abs and displayed a rapid tumor onset. By contrast, those NeuT-muMT mice that responded to the vaccine with a robust production of anti-p185(neu) Ab displayed a markedly delayed tumor onset. In these NeuT-muMT mice, the vaccine induced a lower level of IgG2a and IgG3 and a higher level of IgG2b than in NeuT mice. Moreover, NeuT-muMT mice failed to produce anti-MHC class I Abs in response to allogeneic H-2(q) molecules present in the cell vaccine. These findings show that inhibition of HER-2/neu carcinogenesis depends on cytokines and specific Abs, and that a highly effective vaccine can rescue Ab production even in B cell-deficient mice.