Early statin treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome - Demonstration of the beneficial effect on atherosclerotic lesions by serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound analysis during half a year after coronary event: The ESTABLISH study

Background-Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that aggressive lipid lowering by statins could prevent recurrent events after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We hypothesized that this efficacy was caused by a significant reduction in plaque volume by aggressive LDL cholesterol (LCL-C) lowering. The present study investigated the effect of early statin treatment on plaque volume of a nonculprit lesion by serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound in patients with ACS. Methods and Results-Seventy patients with ACS were enrolled. All patients underwent emergency coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). They were randomized to intensive lipid-lowering therapy (n=35; atorvastatin 20 mg/d) or control (n=35) groups after PCI. Volumetric intravascular ultrasound analyses were performed at baseline and 6-month follow-up for a non-PCI site in 48 patients (atorvastatin, n=24; control, n=24). LDL-C level was significantly decreased by 41.7% in the atorvastatin group compared with the control group, in which LDL-C was increased by 0.7% (P<0.0001). Plaque volume was significantly reduced in the atorvastatin group (13.1 +/- 12.8% decrease) compared with the control group (8.7 +/- 14.9% increase; P<0.0001). Percent change in plaque volume showed a significant positive correlation with follow-up LDL-C level (R=0.456, P=0.0011) and percent LDL-C reduction (R=0.612, P<0.0001), even in patients with baseline LDL-C<125 mg/dL. Conclusions-Early aggressive lipid-lowering therapy by atorvastatin for 6 months significantly reduced the plaque volume in patients with ACS. Percent change in plaque volume showed a significant positive correlation with percent LDL-C reduction, even in patients with low baseline LDL-C.