Effect of periodontal therapy on crevicular fluid interleukin-1β and interleukin-10 levels in chronic periodontitis

Objectives. This study aimed to analyse the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic periodontitis prior to, and following, periodontal therapy for a period of 32 weeks. Material and methods. GCF samples were obtained from 24 non-diseased and 72 diseased sites of 12 periodontal patients prior to as well as at 6, 16 and 32 weeks postperiodontal. therapy. All sites received conventional periodontal treatment and IL-1beta and IL-10 Levels (concentration and total amount) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent. assay (ELISA). Additionally, probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment Loss (CAL), gingival (GI) and plaque (PII) indices were evaluated pre-and post- therapy. Results. IL-1beta was detected in 382 out of 384 samples, white IL-10 was detected in 337 out of 384 samples. The total amount of IL-1beta was significantly higher at diseased compared to non-diseased sites (p < 0.01). Following therapy, IL-10 total amounts were reduced, while IL-1beta concentration gradually increased. IL-10 total amounts (per 30 s sample) were similar in diseased and non-diseased sites, and following therapy they remained almost unchanged. By contrast, IL-10 concentration was significantly higher in non-diseased sites (p < 0.01) and displayed a significant increase posttherapy. Moreover, IL-1beta concentration and total amount were significantly greater in smokers following therapy, while IL-10 total amount was significantly higher in nonsmokers both prior to and following therapy. Total IL-1beta amounts were positively correlated with GI and PII. A weak negative correlation between IL-1beta and IL-10 levels was noted (p > 0.05). Conclusions. The data suggest that the total amount rather than the concentration of IL-1beta in GCF seemed to be closely associated with periodontal, disease severity. Moreover, smoking status influenced IL-1beta and IL-10 levels. An inverse relationship between IL-1beta and IL-10 was evident. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.