Molecular scale track structure simulations in liquid water using the Geant4-DNA Monte-Carlo processes

This paper presents a study of energy deposits induced by ionising particles in liquid water at the molecular scale Particles track structures were generated using the Geant4-DNA processes of the Geant4 Monte-Carlo toolkit These processes cover electrons (0 025 eV-1 MeV) protons (1 keV-100 MeV) hydrogen atoms (1 keV-100 MeV) and alpha particles (10 keV-40 MeV) including their different charge states Electron ranges and lineal energies for protons were calculated in nanometric and micrometric volumes (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved