期刊
AMERICAN NATURALIST
卷 185, 期 2, 页码 E44-E54出版社
UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
DOI: 10.1086/679314
关键词
movement ecology; Levy flight foraging hypothesis; sex-biased dispersal; fat-tailed step-size distribution; wildlife biotelemetry; 3-D accelerometers
资金
- National Institutes of Health [GM083863]
- US-Israel Bi-national Science Foundation (BSF)
- Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Foundation [BSF 255/2008]
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Israeli Ministry of Science
- Rothschild fellowship
- Adelina and Massimo Della Pergola Chair of Life Sciences
- Minerva Center for Movement Ecology
Animal movements exhibit an almost universal pattern of fat-tailed step-size distributions, mixing short and very long steps. The Levy flight foraging hypothesis (LFFH) suggests a single optimal food search strategy to explain this pattern, yet mixed movement distributions are biologically more plausible and often convincingly fit movement data. To confront alternative explanations for these patterns, we tracked vultures of three species in two very different ecosystems using high-resolution global positioning system/accelerometer tags accompanied by behavioral, genetic, and morphological data. The Levy distribution fitted the data sets reasonably well, matching expectations based on their sparsely distributed food resources; yet the fit of mixed models was considerably better, suggesting distinct movement modes operating at three different scales. Specifically, long-range forays (LRFs)rare, short-term, large-scale circular journeys that greatly exceed the typical foraging range and contribute to the tail-fatness of the movement distribution in all three speciesdo not match an optimal foraging strategy suggested by the LFFH. We also found no support for preferred weather conditions or population genetic structure as alternative explanations, so the hypothesis that LRFs represent failed breeding dispersal attempts to find mates remains our most plausible explanation at this time. We conclude that inference about the mechanisms underlying animal movements should be confronted with complementary data, and suggest that mixed behavioral modes likely explain commonly observed fat-tailed movement distributions.
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