Increased levels of glycerol-3-phosphate lead to a stimulation of flux into triacylglycerol synthesis after supplying glycerol to developing seeds of Brassica napus L. in planta

Glycerol-3-phosphate (glycerol-3P) is a primary substrate for triacylglycerol synthesis. In the present study, changes in the levels of glycerol-3P during rape (Brassica napus L.) seed development and the influence of manipulating glycerol-3P levels on triacylglycerol synthesis were investigated. (i) Glycerol-3P levels were high in young seeds and decreased during seed development at 30 and 40 days after flowering (DAF), when lipid accumulation was maximal. (11) To manipulate glycerol-3P levels in planta, various concentrations of glycerol were injected directly into 30-DAF seeds, which remained otherwise intact within their siliques and attached to the plant. Injection of 0-10 nmol glycerol led to a progressive increase in seed glycerol-3P levels within 28 h. (iii). Increased levels of glycerol-3P were accompanied by an increase in the flux of injected [C-14]sucrose into total lipids and triacylglycerol, whereas fluxes to organic acids, amino acids, starch, protein and cell walls were not affected. (iv) When [C-14]acetate was injected into seeds, label incorporation into total lipids and triacylglycerol increased progressively with increasing glycerol-3P levels. (v) There was a strong correlation between the level of glycerol-3P and the incorporation of injected [C-14]acetate and [C-14] sucrose into triacylglycerol. (v) The results provide evidence that the prevailing levels of glycerol-3P co-limit triacylglycerol synthesis in developing rape seeds.