Activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase by hypoxia and hypothermia in the liver of frog Rana perezi

We have investigated different signaling molecules that could be activated by temperature acclimation and hypoxia, using an experimental approach consisting in submerging frogs in a water-filled box maintained at 2-4 degreesC at ambient oxygen levels or supplied with 98% N-2:2% CO2 for normoxia or hypoxia conditions, respectively. The results obtained showed no significant changes in the expression of heat shock protein 70. The phosphorylation state of AMP-dependent activated protein kinase, the down-stream component of a protein kinase cascade that acts as an intracellular energy sensor, was significantly increased in both experimental conditions, showing higher values in the absence of oxygen. Similarly, the phosphorylation state of one of its known substrates, elongation factor 2, was also increased, consistent with the arrest of protein synthesis. These results point out an important role of this kinase, adjusting the rates of ATP-consuming and ATP-generating pathways, in the survival strategies to hypoxia and hypothermia. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.