Biology and pathology of nectins and nectin-like molecules

Immunoglobulin-like nectins contribute to the formation of a variety of cell-cell junctions, acting cooperatively with, or independently of, cadherins. In addition, nectins heterophilically trans-interact with nectin-like molecules (Necls), which are involved in cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation, and assist or modify their functions. On the other hand, nectins and Necls serve as viral receptors and are associated with human diseases (including cancer) when mutated or upregulated.