Mapping sites of potential proximity between the dihydropyridine receptor and RyR1 in muscle using a cyan fluorescent protein-yellow fluorescent protein tandem as a fluorescence resonance energy transfer probe

Excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle involves conformational coupling between the dihydropyridine receptor ( DHPR) and the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) at junctions between the plasma membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum. In an attempt to find which regions of these proteins are in close proximity to one another, we have constructed a tandem of cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins (CFP and YFP, respectively) linked by a 23-residue spacer, and measured the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) of the tandem either in free solution or after attachment to sites of the alpha(1S) and beta(1a) subunits of the DHPR. For all of the sites examined, attachment of the CFP-YFP tandem did not impair function of the DHPR as a Ca2+ channel or voltage sensor for excitation-contraction coupling. The free tandem displayed a 27.5% FRET efficiency, which decreased significantly after attachment to the DHPR subunits. At several sites examined for both alpha(1S) (N-terminal, proximal II-III loop of a two fragment construct) and beta(1a) (C-terminal), the FRET efficiency was similar after expression in either dysgenic (alpha(1S)-null) or dyspedic (RyR1-null) myotubes. However, compared with dysgenic myotubes, the FRET efficiency in dyspedic myotubes increased from 9.9 to 16.7% for CFP-YFP attached to the N-terminal of beta(1a), and from 9.5 to 16.8% for CFP-YFP at the C-terminal of alpha(1S). Thus, the tandem reporter suggests that the C terminus of alpha(1S) and the N terminus of beta(1a) may be in close proximity to the ryanodine receptor.