The blood supply to the nipple-areola complex of the human mammary gland

The main sources of blood supply to the breast are described in textbooks as the internal thoracic, lateral thoracic, and posterior intercostal arteries. Textbooks, however, do not describe the contribution of each to the nippie-areoia complex (NAC), nor do they describe the pattern of supply. To investigate this issue, 15 female cadavers were injected intraarterially with latex, and dissections were performed on 27 breasts. The results were as follows: center dot In all the dissected breasts (27/27), the NAC received at least one or more vessels from the internal thoracic artery. center dot In 20 of 27 dissected breasts, the NAC received vessels from the anterior intercostal arteries. center dot In 19 of the 27 dissected breasts, the NAC received vessels from the lateral thoracic artery. center dot Direct branches from the axillary artery supplied the NAC in 2 of the 27 breasts. center dot The posterior intercostal arteries supplied the NAC in only 1 of the 27 dissected breasts. An underlying segmental pattern could be detected that can be explained by the embryological development. According to this study, the internal thoracic arteries are to be considered the main and constantly reliable source of blood supply to the NAC.