期刊
EMBO JOURNAL
卷 23, 期 22, 页码 4384-4393出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600453
关键词
ATF-2/c-Jun; bZIP transcription factor; IRF-3; interferon-beta enhanceosome; protein-DNA complex
Transcriptional activation of the interferon-beta (IFN-beta) gene requires assembly of an enhanceosome containing the transcription factors ATF-2/c-Jun, IRF-3/IRF-7, NF-kappaB and HMGI(Y). These factors cooperatively bind a composite DNA site and activate expression of the IFN-beta gene. The 3.0 Angstrom crystal structure of the DNA-binding domains of ATF2/ c-Jun and two IRF-3 molecules in a complex with 31 base pairs (bp) of the PRDIV - PRDIII region of the IFN-beta enhancer shows that association of the four proteins with DNA creates a continuous surface for the recognition of 24 bp. The structure, together with in vitro binding studies and protein mutagenesis, shows that protein - protein interactions are not critical for cooperative binding. Instead, cooperativity arises mainly through nucleotide sequence-dependent structural changes in the DNA that allow formation of complementary DNA conformations. Because the binding sites overlap on the enhancer, the unit of recognition is the entire nucleotide sequence, not the individual subsites.
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