期刊
ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
卷 179, 期 1, 页码 29-38出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.05.001
关键词
perturbations; transients; food chains; food webs; stability
类别
Stability and resilience characterize the asymptotic responses of perturbations to the equilibria of ecological models. Short-term responses, however, can differ markedly from asymptotic responses. Perturbations to a stable equilibrium may, for example, produce trajectories that initially move away from, rather than towards, the equilibrium. The maximum short-term rate of departure from the equilibrium is called the reactivity, and stable equilibria with positive reactivity are called reactive. These transient responses can be large and long-lasting, and have been reported in a variety of ecological models. In this paper we explore the reactivity of predator-prey and food web models. We show that coexistence equilibria are reactive in all predator-prey and food web models in which at least one species has a per capita growth rate that is independent of its own density. These constitute the vast majority of published models. When density-dependent mortality of the top predator is included in the form of a non-linear closure term, reactivity always decreases, and may be eliminated altogether. Our results imply that short-term amplification of perturbations is a real possibility for predator-prey interactions and food webs. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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