Large-area organic solar cells with metal subelectrode on indium tin oxide anode

This study examined the effects of the electrode geometry combined with the cell area on the device performance. We systematically investigated the effects of cell area in organic solar cells (OSCs) by introducing of metal subelectrodes to reduce the resistive loss of indium tin oxide. The subelectrode defines the active area and works as the conducting electrode at the same time with very low resistance. The series resistance could be reduced significantly by using the subelectrode, yielding a power conversion efficiency of 2.6 +/- 0.3% up to the cell area of 4.08 cm(2). This suggests that OSCs with subelectrode geometry can be used for evaluating new materials and processes with accurate measurements on the centimeter scale.