Band gap states of copper phthalocyanine thin films induced by nitrogen exposure

The impact of 1 atm N(2) gas exposure on the electronic states of copper phthalocyanine thin films was investigated using ultrahigh-sensitivity ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The highest occupied molecular orbital band of the film showed a drastic reversible change in the bandwidth and band shape as well as in the energy position upon repeated cycles of N(2) exposure and subsequent annealing. Furthermore, two types of gap-state densities with Gaussian and exponential distributions appeared after the exposure and disappeared due to the annealing. These changes are ascribed to a weak disorder in the molecular packing structure induced by N(2) diffusion into the film.