Using ab initio calculations, we describe how the smallest silicon nanotubes of (2,2) and (3,0) chiral symmetries are stabilized by the axially placed metal atoms, to form nearly one-dimensional structures with substantial cohesive energy, mechanical stiffness, and metallic density of electronic states. Their further reconstructions lead to thicker and shorter wires, while relative stability can be viewed in a binary field diagram of MxSi1-x, and depends on chemical potentials of the components. A comparison with recent epitaxial-growth experiments reveals the equivalence of the (2,2) endohedral nanotubes with the thinnest possible experimental wires.
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