Methods for magnetically labeling stem and other cells for detection by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging

Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles are being used for intracellular magnetic labeling of stem cells and other cells in order to monitor cell trafficking by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as part of cellular-based repair, replacement and treatment strategies. This review focuses on the various methods for magnetic labeling of stem cells and other mammalian cells and on how to translate experimental results from bench to bedside.